lake garda
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Lake Garda
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Lago di Garda
Lake Garda
Nago–Torbole and the northern part of the lake
Location
Northern Italy
Coordinates
45°38′N 10°40′E / 45.633°N 10.667°E / 45.633; 10.667Coordinates: 45°38′N 10°40′E / 45.633°N 10.667°E / 45.633; 10.667
Primary inflows
Sarca
Primary outflows
Mincio
Catchment area
2,350 km2 (910 sq mi)
Basin countries
Italy
Max. length
51.6 km (32.1 mi)
Max. width
16.7 km (10.4 mi)
Surface area
369.98 km2 (142.85 sq mi)
Average depth
136 m (446 ft)
Max. depth
346 m (1,135 ft)
Water volume
50.35 km3 (40,820,000 acre⋅ft)
Residence time
26.8 years
Shore length1
158.4 km (98.4 mi)
Surface elevation
65 m (213 ft)
Islands
5 (Isola del Garda, Isola San Biagio)
Settlements
see article
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Lake Garda (Italian: Lago di Garda [ˈlaːɡo di ˈɡarda] or Lago Bènaco, Latin: Benacus; Lombard: Lach de Garda; Venetian: Łago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location located in northern Italy, about halfway between Brescia and Verona, and between Venice and Milan on the edge of the Dolomites. Glaciers formed this alpine region at the end of the last Ice Age. The lake and its shoreline are divided between the provinces of Verona (to the south-east), Brescia (south-west), and Trentino (north). The name Garda, which the lake has been seen referred to in documents dating to the eighth century, comes from the town of the same name. It is the evolution of the Germanic word warda, meaning "place of guard" or "place of observation."
Contents
1 Geography
2 Climate
3 Biology
4 History
5 Towns and villages on the lake
6 Transport
6.1 Ferry
6.2 Rail
6.3 Buses
7 Panoramas
8 References
9 External links
Geography[edit]
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Lake Garda and the mountains above Malcesine.
The northern part of the lake is narrower, surrounded by mountains, the majority of which belong to the Gruppo del Baldo. The shape is typical of a moraine valley, probably having been formed under the action of a Paleolithic glacier. Although traces of the glacier's actions are evident today, in more recent years it has been hypothesised that the glacier occupied a previously existing depression, created by stream erosion 5 to 6 million years ago.
The lake has numerous small islands and five main ones, the largest being Isola del Garda where in 1220 St. Francis of Assisi founded a monastery, in its place now stands a nineteenth-century building in the Venetian Gothic style. Nearby to the south is Isola San Biagio, also known as the Isola dei Conigli ("Island of the Rabbits"). Both are offshore of San Felice del Benaco, on the lake's western side. The three other main islands are Isola dell'Olivo, Isola di Sogno, and Isola di Trimelone, all farther north near the eastern side. The main tributary is the Sarca River, others include the Ponale River (fed by Lago di Ledro), the Varone/Magnone River (via the Cascate del Varone) and various streams from both mountain sides, while the only outlet is the Mincio River (79 metres (259 ft), at Peschiera). The subdivision is created by the presence of a fault submerged between Sirmione and Punta San Vigilio which is almost a natural barrier that hampers the homogenization between the water of the two zones.
If the water level of the Adige river is too high, excess water is diverted to the lake through the Mori-Torbole tunnel.
Climate[edit]
Lake Garda from space with its wind pattern
The particularly mild climate favours the growth of some Mediterranean plants, including the olive tree. Citrus (lemon) trees can also be found, which are extremely rare at this latitude (46° North).[1] This greatly favoured the development of tourism since the end of the second world war. In ancient times, poets like Catullus wrote about "Lacus Benacus" with its mild climate vivified by the winds. The lake is oriented from north to south towards the Po Valley, so many winds typical of the lake are the result of a difference between lower and higher altitude temperatures. Due to this, winds are generated that descend from the mountains to the plains in the morning and go back to the mountains in the afternoon. The bottleneck formed by the lake basin affects the timing of the winds, many of which happen on a regular daily basis. The winds are all named, most in regional Italian dialect so a single wind may have different names.
Biology[edit]
Salmo carpio, also known as the carpione (carpione del Garda[2][3] or Lake Garda carpione[4]) is a rare salmonid fish endemic to Lake Garda. It has been introduced to a number of other lakes in Italy and elsewhere but unsuccessfully in all cases.[2] The population in Lake Garda has been strongly declining, and is considered critically endangered (IUCN 3.1).[3][4] The main threats are due to overfishing, pollution and possibly competition from introduced species such as Coregonus and other Salmonidae.[5]
Adult lake trout outside the mating season are silvery with very few black spots on the body and almost none on the head. During the mating season males develop some a dark mottled body coloration. Garda lake trout reach a length of up to 50 centimeters. They live primarily in depths of 100 to 200 metres (330 to 660 feet). They feed on zooplankton and bottom-dwelling crustaceans in summer. Males and females reach sexual maturity at two or three years. The mating takes place every one to two years. The spawning takes place in 50 to 300 metres (160 to 980 feet) depth in the vicinity of underwater springs. The maximum age is five years.[6]
History[edit]
Battle of Lake Benacus, in which Roman forces defeated the Alamanni on the shores of Lake Garda, in the year 268.
Battle of Rivoli, in 1797 during the French campaign of Napoleon I in Italy against Austria.
Battle of Solferino in 1859, during the Italian Risorgimento. The terrible aftermath of this battle led to the Geneva Convention and the formation of the Red Cross.
The lake was the site of naval battles in 1866 between Italy and Austria.
As persuaded by the Nazis, Benito Mussolini established the capital of his Italian Social Republic in late 1943 in a villa in the town of Salò on its shores. It served as a nexus for military operations and communications for German troops who occupied northern Italy in late 1943 during World War II.
Towns and villages on the lake[edit]
The ancient fortified town of Sirmione, located on the south of the lake, is one particularly popular destination, home to the Virgilio & Catullo Spa Complexes, as well as numerous restaurants, bars, hotels, fashion stores and a market. The picturesque Scaliger castle dates from the 13th century. The Roman poet Catullus had a villa here, and visitors can see a ruined Roman spa named the Grotte di Catullo (Grottoes of Catullus) although there is no evidence linking him to this particular building. The sulfur springs at the tip of the peninsula have a reputation for healing catarrhal conditions, particularly those involving the ear. Another popular town is the town of Garda. Garda is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the more popular town of Verona. Garda's economy is based off tourism.[7] Nearby, there is Gardaland, one of the most famous theme parks in Italy. At the northern end of the lake, the towns of Riva and Torbole are famous for winds that attract people who sail, windsurf & kiteboard.
The Communes of Lake Garda
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Veneto
Lombardy
Trentino(clockwise: west to east)
Province of Verona(clockwise: north to south)
Province of Brescia(clockwise: south to north)
Riva del Garda
Nago–Torbole
Malcesine
Brenzone
Torri del Benaco
Garda
Bardolino
Lazise
Castelnuovo del Garda
Peschiera del Garda
Sirmione
Desenzano del Garda
Lonato
Padenghe sul Garda
Moniga del Garda
Manerba del Garda
San Felice del Benaco
Salò
Gardone Riviera
Toscolano-Maderno
Gargnano
Tignale
Tremosine
Limone sul Garda
A view from the town of Torbole, looking south, over the lake.
Transport[edit]
Ferry[edit]
Ferry boat on the lake.
Infrequent ferry services connect major towns on the eastern and western shores of Lake Garda. The services run in a zig-zag manner from Desenzano del Garda to Riva del Garda, via Peschiera del Garda, Salò, Garda and Malcesine. One express ferry, on which bicycles are not allowed, operates per day: journey time from Riva del Garda to Peschiera takes 2 hours.
Rail[edit]
Railway stations with direct bus links include Rovereto (to Riva del Garda), Verona (to Garda), Peschiera del Garda (to Garda) and Desenzano del Garda (to Salò).
Buses[edit]
Buses are faster alternatives to ferry services. On Lake Garda's eastern coast (provinces of Verona and Trentino), ATV (Verona Transport Company) provides at least five daily bus routes between Verona and Garda, with one route extending beyond Garda to Riva del Garda. Trentino Transporti provides daily bus routes between Riva del Garda and Rovereto or Trento.
162: Verona – Garda (via Bussolegno)
163: Verona – Garda (via Lasize)
164: Verona – Verona-Villafranca Airport (summer only) – Peschiera del Garda – Gardaland – Garda
165: Verona – Garda (via Calmasino)
183: Peschiera – Garda – Gardaland – Malcesine (May to October)
184: Garda – Malcesine – Riva del Garda
205: Verona – Garda EXPRESS (summer only)
X05: Verona – Garda EXPRESS (limited service)
On Lake Garda's western coast (Brescia province), SAIA (Brescia Mobilità) provides regular bus services between Desenzano and Salò.
S202: Brescia – Salò – Campione – Limone sul Garda – Riva del Garda
LN006: Salò – Desenzano del Garda (via Cunettone)
LN007: Salò – Desenzano del Garda (via Raffa)
LN027: Salò – Desenzano del Garda (via Moniga)
Panoramas[edit]
Panoramic view from Monte Baldo of Lake Garda and the communes of Riva Del Garda and Nago-Torbole at the far right
Panoramic view of Lake Garda from Cima Comer
References[edit]
^ Catherine Richards (2011). Lake Como, Lake Lugano, Lake Maggiore, Lake Garda - The Italian Lakes. Hunter Publishing, Inc. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-58843-770-9.
^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "Salmo carpio" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
^ a b Crivelli, A.J. 2006. Salmo carpio In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. Downloaded on 2 April 2010
^ a b S. Melotto, G. Alessio (2006) Biology of carpione, Salmo carpio L., an endemic species of Lake Garda (Italy) Journal of Fish Biology 37, 687–698.
^ "salmon-likes up to 10 kg >> Salmo carpio". Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^ "Salmo carpio summary page". Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^ "Lake Garda Resorts". www.lakegardaholidays.co.uk. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lake Garda.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Garda.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Garda, Lake of.
VisitGarda is the official website for the promotion of tourism of Lake Garda.
Gardalombardia is the official website for the promotion of tourism of the western coast of Lake Garda.
Brescia Tourism is the official tourism board website of Brescia and Garda Lake.
Virtual tour Garda Lake.
"Garda, Lake of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). 1911.
Lake Garda at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Mylake app
Discovering Lake Garda - official Blog lake Garda Trentino
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Lake Garda (Lago di Garda, Benaco)
Italy
Lombardy (Province of Brescia)
Veneto (Province of Verona)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (Province of Verona)
Settlements
Bardolino
Brenzone
Castelnuovo del Garda
Desenzano del Garda
Garda
Gardone Riviera
Gargnano
Lazise
Limone sul Garda
Malcesine
Manerba del Garda
Moniga del Garda
Nago-Torbole
Padenghe sul Garda
Peschiera del Garda
Riva del Garda
Salò
San Felice del Benaco
Sirmione
Tignale
Torri del Benaco
Toscolano-Maderno
Tremosine
Islands
Isola del Garda
Isola dell'Olivo
Isola San Biagio
Isola di Sogno
Isola di Trimelone
Rivers
Mincio
Sarca
Wines
Bardolino
People
Catullus
Gabriele D'Annunzio
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Landmarks of Lombardy
Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti di Bergamo
Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua
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Certosa di Pavia
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Cremona Cathedral
Crespi d'Adda
Ducal palace, Mantua
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Milan
Lake Como
Lake Garda
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Monte Isola
Monza Cathedral
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Porta Nuova, Milan
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Torrazzo of Cremona
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Landmarks of Veneto
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Lake Garda
Orto botanico di Padova
Sant'Anastasia
Scrovegni Chapel
Teatro Olimpico
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Villa Barbaro
Villa Capra "La Rotonda"
Walls of Montagnana
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 239869389
GND: 4139154-8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Garda&oldid=821499342"
Categories: Lakes of Trentino-Alto Adige/SüdtirolSubalpine lakes of ItalyWaterways of ItalyLakes of TrentinoProvince of BresciaProvince of VeronaGarda MountainsHidden categories: Coordinates on WikidataArticles containing Italian-language textArticles containing Latin-language textArticles containing Lombard-language textArticles containing Venetian-language textArticles needing additional references from May 2013All articles needing additional referencesWikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource referenceArticles with Curlie linksUse dmy dates from May 2014Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiersWikipedia articles with GND identifiers
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